Wheel alignment determines the angles of the wheels relative to the road.
Key Alignment Angles
1. Camber
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Negative or positive tilt
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Incorrect camber → inner/outer tire wear
2. Caster
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Forward/backward angle of steering axis
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Affects straight-line stability
3. Toe
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Inward or outward direction
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Incorrect toe → rapid tire wear
Measured Effects
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Incorrect toe angle increases tire wear by 15–30%
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Poor caster increases highway drifting
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Incorrect camber reduces tire life by 40%
Conclusion
Alignment issues cause uneven tire wear, poor steering stability, and higher fuel consumption.
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